Murine coronavirus. We found that very small changes in coronavirus proteins can profoundly affect tropism and virulence. Murine coronavirus

The biology of persistent infection: Inflammation and demyelination following murine coronavirus infection of the central nervous system. See moreA study published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science reveals the presence of murine coronavirus—the murine hepatitis virus or M-CoV—in mice of the Canary. , 2014). Here, we showed that C57BL/6J wild-type mice intranasally inoculated with the murine betacoronavirus murine hepatitis coronavirus 3 (MHV-3) develop a robust inflammatory response leading to acute lung injuries, including alveolar edema, hemorrhage, and fibrin thrombi. Antigenic relationships of murine coronaviruses: Analysis using monoclonal antibodies to JHM (MHV-4) virus. The coronavirus assembly process encloses a ribonucleoprotein genome into vesicles containing the lipid-embedded proteins S (spike), E (envelope), and M (membrane). The importance of the type I interferon (IFN-I) system in limiting coronavirus replication and dissemination has been unequivocally demonstrated by rapid lethality following infection of mice lacking the alpha/beta IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) receptor with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a murine coronavirus. 2002 Oct 25. 3 A. Intraperitoneal infection with the murine CoV strain JHM (JHMV) induces acute mild hepatitis in mice. 2015 Jun;89(11):6033-47. 1995 Feb 20; 207 (1):316–320. The spike (S) protein is a large glycoprotein and forms surface peplomers which are characteristic of coronaviruses. 1983; 28:35–112. These data indicate that at least five distinct functions are encoded in the MHV polymerase region which function in virus. Membrane topology of murine coronavirus replicase nonstructural protein 3 Virology. H. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgency to develop effective antiviral therapies against the disease. , 1988) and anosmia (loss of smell and taste) is common in COVID-19 suggesting involvement of the olfactory nerves with both viral. 73. Here we show that mouse AKAP7 rapidly degrades 2-5A with kinetics similar to that of murine coronavirus (mouse hepatitis virus [MHV]) strain A59 ns2 and human rotavirus strain WA VP3 proteins. While its precise function is not clearly defined, E is a pivotal player in the morphogenesis of the virion envelope. virol. , Nakagaki, K. 3. SD, with less virulent JHM isolates and with A59 has been used to. In the current study, we have investigated the Nrf2-DJ-1-XBP1 axis during Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV- M-CoV) infection. MHV is a murine coronavirus that causes acute respiratory, CNS, gastrointestinal, and/or liver disease depending on the infection route and viral strain. doi: 10. Epub. 1987; 156:321–330. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgency to develop effective antiviral therapies against the disease. 5937-5948. Moreover, the mouse and human CEACAM1a proteins are targets of viral or bacterial pathogens, respectively, including the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Neisseria meningitidis, as well as Moraxella catarrhalis in humans. MHV-A59 is highly fusogenic and causes acute hepatitis, meningoencephalomyelitis with chronic progressive demyelination concurrent with axonal loss and is denoted as a. This study is the first detailed analysis of the topology and function of the coronavirus nsp3 TM domain. RSA59, an isogenic spike gene recombinant strain of MHV-A59, is a well-established prototypic group 2- murine β coronavirus (M-CoV). The murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) has a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 31 kb (). Sp-4 virus and S1N (330), which consists of the N-terminal 330 amino acids of the S1 protein, both of which exhibited receptor-binding capacity, were able to prevent the binding of cl-2 virus to. , Geerts D. Proteolytic cleavage of the E2 glycoprotein of murine coronavirus: Activation of cell-fusing activity of virions by trypsin and separation of two different 90K cleavage fragments. Investigation of the interplay between CoVs and PRRs is in its infancy. Coronaviruses infect many species of animals including humans, causing acute and chronic diseases. 2002. In this study we showed that when RNA transcripts that consisted of a non-MHV sequence and the packaging signal were expressed in MHV. The coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM (MHV-JHM), causes acute encephalomyelitis and acute and chronic demyelinating diseases and is an important model system for virus-induced ne. Most strains of murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) express a cleavable spike glycoprotein that mediates viral entry and pH-independent cell-cell fusion. Murine Coronavirus. G. Abstract. One such illness is murine typhus, a fleaborne illness with worldwide distribution caused by Rickettsia typhi It often presents with fever, headache and myalgia, all of which have been commonly reported with. In murine models of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, passive transfer of ADG-2 provided complete protection against respiratory burden, viral replication in the lungs, and lung pathology. The coronavirus (CoV) S protein requires cleavage by host cell proteases to mediate virus-cell and cell-cell fusion. We discovered a novel Betacoronavirus lineage A coronavirus, China Rattus coronavirus (ChRCoV) HKU24, from Norway rats in China. The small envelope protein E is not essential for murine coronavirus replication J Virol. 07. This family of viruses remained relatively obscure, probably because there were no severe human diseases that could definitely be attributed to coronaviruses; human coronaviruses caused only the common cold. The interferon-induced tetratricopeptide repeat protein (Ifit2) protects mice from lethal neurotropic viruses. 2008; 82:755–63. Type I interferon is crucial for control of viral replication and spread in the natural host, but. The present study examines functional contributions of microglia in host defense, demyelination, and remyelination following infection of susceptible mice with a neurotropic coronavirus. The 5′-end sequence of the murine coronavirus genome: Implications for multiple fusion sites in leaderprimed transcription. This complex polyprotein holds the key to understanding how coronavirus replication. In an effort to determine which viral proteins might be determinants of enterotropism, immunoblots of MHV-Y and MHV-RI virions using anti-S, -N and -M protein-specific antisera. 2, which has virus-neutralizing and fusion inhibition activities, binds to an epitope (S2A) consisting of nine hydrophobic amino acids in the S2 subunit of the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) spike (S) protein. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, 2020). Characterization of the RNA components of a putative molecular switch in the 3' untranslated region of the murine coronavirus genomeMurine hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) is a well-studied coronavirus infection model . The total length of this gene is 21,798 nucleotides long, which includes. Here, we studied the role of a putative replicase anchor, nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4), in the assembly of. Abstract. Murine Coronavirus Infection Activates the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in an Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Independent Manner, Contributing to Cytokine Modulation. We previously showed that Ceacam1a(-/-) mice are completely resistant to MHV-A59 infect. Lu, and K. We demonstrated that infection of 17Cl-1 cells with the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. Many strains of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) have distinct, S-dependent organ and tissue tropisms despite using a common receptor, suggesting that they employ different cellular proteases for fusion. (B) Binding of the PS to the CTD displaces domain N3. 1997 Mar;71(3):1946-55. Murine coronavirus (M-CoV) is a virus in the genus Betacoronavirus that infects mice. In murine 17 Cl 1 cells persistently infected with murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59), expression of the virus receptor glycoprotein MHVR was markedly reduced (S. 04. Studies of defective interfering (DI) RNAs of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) suggest that a 69-nucleotide-long packaging signal is necessary for MHV genomic RNA packaging into MHV particles. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus, containing the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), an extensively studied animal coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 has caused the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 580 million confirmed infections and 6 million deaths so far worldwide. 2013. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) can cause severe and fatal acute respiratory disease in humans and remains endemic in the Middle East since first being identified in 2012. The primary transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are inhalation of. Inhibition of MHV-induced apoptosis by the. Although such histopathological changes seemed to resolve as the. Two very closely related strains of murine-β-coronavirus MHV-A59 and MHV2 differ in their fusogenic properties and hepato-neuropathogenesis [18,19,20,21,22]. Peroxides find broad applications for disinfecting environmental pathogens particularly in the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the extensive use of chemical disinfectants can threaten human health and ecosystems. Both viruses belong to the Betacoronavirus genus, and MHV thu. doi. S1utt is composed of the entire 769-amino-acid (aa) S1 protein; S1NM, S1N, S. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality in the ongoing global pandemic. virol. Since SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus, the murine infection with MHV amongst others could serve as an experimental model to study principles of COVID-19. V. Murine coronavirus replication-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation promotes interleukin-6 production and virus replication in cultured cells J Virol. Pathologic effects and viral antigens were not detected in eyes from four mice inoculated intranasally. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] Dong S, Baker SC. These mutants failed to efficiently infect BHK cells expressing CEACAM1b. Laboratory MHV strains have been extensively studied to reveal coronavirus virulence factors and elucidate host mechanisms of antiviral immunity. Encompassing the upstream end of the 3' UTR are a bulged stem-loop and an overlapping RNA pseudoknot, both of which are essential to MHV and common to all group 2 coronaviruses. doi: 10. Here we present the crystal structure of the lectin domain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strain S HE, resolved both in its native state and in complex with a. The murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a collection of strains with a wide range of tropisms, inducing neurological, hepatic, enteric, and respiratory diseases, with outcomes dependent upon the viral strain and the route of infection. , Siddell S. Plaque formation by A59 virus, a murine coronavirus, was facilitated in AL/N and Balb mouse cells transformed by polyoma virus, simian virus 40, murine sarcoma virus, or mammary tumor virus. 1128. Murine coronavirus (mouse hepatitis virus, MHV) is a collection of strains that induce disease in several organ systems of mice. Virol. 1990. Murine coronavirus infection of mice provides a useful model for the study of coronavirus-host interactions, including the determinants of tropism and virulence. The assembly of coronaviruses is driven principally by homotypic and heterotypic interactions between the two most abundant virion proteins, the membrane protein (M) and the nucleocapsid protein (N) (14, 32). Other murine glycoproteins in the Bgp subfamily. Using our acute vape exposure model, we exposed animals to 1 × 10. Virol. 60 times when compared to PMS treatment alone in diverse environmental media including simulated saliva and freshwater. When inoculated at a multiplicity of 3 to 5 PFU per cell, the Sac-, L2, and DBT cell lines began to fuse by 7 h, were fused into confluent syncytia by 9 to 12 h, and peeled from the. Murine coronavirus-induced apoptosis in 17Cl-1 cells involves a mitochondria-mediated pathway and its downstream caspase-8 activation and bid cleavage Virology. The coronavirus leader-primed transcription model proposes that free leader RNA species derived from the 5'-end of the genomic RNA are utilized as a primer for the transcription of subgenomic mRNAs. The initial host response to this pathogen occurs in a peculiar immune. 012. The largest component of the coronavirus replicase-transcriptase complex, nsp3, contains multiple modules, many of which do not have clearly defined functions in genome replication or transcription. 76. Although coronavirus tropism is most often ascribed to receptor availability, increasing evidence suggests that for the neurotropic strains of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), spike-receptor interactions cannot fully explain neurovirulence. The most heavily studied animal coronavirus is murine hepatitis virus (MHV), which causes a variety of outcomes in mice, including respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic infections. e. 1985; 56:904–911. The murine coronavirus-induced demyelinating disease in rodents is one such model for demyelinating disease in. Published. The molecular-level mechanism of MHV-A59. Unlike infiltration of these cells into directly infected lungs, a process that requires type I IFN signaling. Our laboratory showed that an experimental murine coronavirus (MHV-A59) can be transmitted into the brain by intranasal or intracerebral exposure and that neurovirulence is mediated. The murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) induced the expression of type I interferon (alpha/beta interferon [IFN-alpha/beta]) in mouse oligodendrocytic N20. S. The characteristic large spikes on coronavirus envelopes are composed of trimers of the spike protein. Immunohistochemical techniques showed that MHV-A59-infected C57BL/6 mice contained dense deposits of viral antigen in the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra, with fewer signs of infection in other regions of. S. Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) is a coronavirus that infects mice and shares some sequence identity to SARS-CoV-2. On virions, the 180-kDa S glycoprotein of the MHV-A59 strain can be cleaved by trypsin to form the 90-kDa N-terminal receptor-binding subun. Weiss a, 2Like most coronaviruses, the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) exhibits strong species specificity, causing natural infection only in mice. Only a relatively few mutations in its spike protein allow the murine coronavirus to switch from a murine-restricted tropism to an extended host range by being passaged in vitro. 2006. 69:5535-5543, 1995). The murine coronavirus [murine hepatitis virus (MHV)] is limited to infection of susceptible mice and murine cell lines by the specificity of the spike glycoprotein (S) for its receptor, murine carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1a (mCEACAM1a). Abstract. v. The study of recombinant and natural MHV strains has elucidated the function of CoV structural and nonstructural genes, revealing determinants of tropism, virulence, and evasion of. 2013 Jul 20;442(1):74-81. These results show that a murine coronavirus is retinotropic when introduced by several direct routes and one indirect route. J. Dissection of amino-terminal functional domains of murine coronavirus nonstructural protein 3 J Virol. Further, WS5 and WS6 showed a 10-fold reduction in binding towards SARS-CoV-2 compared to other immunogens, such as SARS-CoV, hCoV-HKU1, and MERS-CoV, whereas WS7, WS4, and WS3 had 1000 times. Model for the dual role of domain N3 in genome packaging and virion assembly. To explore the potential of using non-human coronaviruses for cancer therapy, we first established their ability to kill human tumor cells. We study the expression, proteolytic processing and function of the coronavirus RNA polymerase polyprotein. Murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), causes various diseases depending on the strain and route of inoculation. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection in murine 17Cl-1 cells results in apoptotic cell death. , ExtramuralThe murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus gene 1 is expressed as a polyprotein, which is cleaved into multiple proteins posttranslationally. The receptor-binding capacity of the S2 subunit of the murine coronavirus S protein was examined by testing the inhibition of virus-receptor binding. Murine hepatitis virus / immunology* Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / physiology Substances Ifnar1 protein, mouse Interferon-alpha Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta. The complete sequence (22 kilobases) of murine coronavirus gene 1 encoding the putative proteases and RNA polymerase. Antivirals (drugs and antiseptics) capable of controlling viruses at the site of infection are sca. Murine hepatitis virus / pathogenicityMurine Coronavirus Spike Protein Determines the Ability of the Virus To Replicate in the Liver and Cause Hepatitis Sonia Navas , 1 Su-Hun Seo , 1 Ming Ming Chua , 1 Jayasri Das Sarma , 2 Ehud Lavi , 2 Susan T. 4784-4791. J. This Fe-Fe double-atom catalyst enhanced PMS disinfection kinetics for inactivating murine coronaviruses (i. Infection with neurotropic strains JHM. These are reviewed here. In this study, we used murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), infection of the central nervous system and liver to assess of the role of the inflammasome and its related cytokines on pathogenesis and host defense during viral infection. Characterization of coronavirus JHM variants isolated from Wistar Furth rats with a viral-induced demyelinating disease. Chen DS, Asanaka M, Yokomori K, et al. 1983; 131:296–307. Since MHV and SARS-CoV-2 share the same genus, MHV could offer insights relative to SARS-CoV-2. Molecular cloning and expression of a spike protein of neurovirulent murine coronavirus JHMV variant cl-2. These infections often serve as highly useful models of disease. Abstract. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a coronavirus, causes encephalitis and demyelination in susceptible rodents. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. V. High-frequency RNA recombination of murine coronaviruses. Keywords:. 12, 13 Herein, this setup was used to investigate the mechanism of mortality and the immunologic factors that contribute to disease severity by examining correlations between clinicohistopathologic features, immune profiles of immune organs, and disease severity. In the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus, a single glycoprotein, E2, is required both for attachment to cells and for cell fusion. 3. 1989 Mar; 169 (1):233–235. The coronavirus spike protein (S) forms the distinctive virion surface structures that are characteristic of this viral family, appearing in negatively stained electron microscopy as stems capped with spherical bulbs. Weiss 1, *The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 enters into the human body mainly through the ACE2 + TMPRSS2+ nasal epithelial cells. We have recently shown that 21 aa substitutions and a 7-aa insert in the N-terminal. , Holmes K. J. , Spaan W. Abstract. Virology. Some MHV strains cause a wide range of liver injuries that range from. Murine coronavirus ubiquitin-like domain is important for papain-like protease stability and viral pathogenesis J Virol. MHV PLP2 is similar to the single papain-like protease (termed PLpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory. This suggests that the S2A epitope may be involved in bind. J Virol. One of the proteins is p28, which represents the amino-terminal portion of the polyprotein and is presumably generated by the activity of an autoproteinase. The coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) induces a minimal type I interferon (IFN) response in several cell types in vitro despite the fact that the type I IFN response is important in protecting the mouse from infection in vivo.